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The Supreme Court of India has delivered a landmark judgment in Civil Appeal No. 1385/2025 and connected cases, addressing whether the Teacher Eligibility Test (TET) is mandatory for teacher recruitment and promotions, including in minority educational institutions.
Supreme Court Order 2025: TET Mandatory for Teacher Promotions | Full Judgment
- This ruling has far-reaching implications for teachers, schools, and state governments across India.
Background of the Case
- Multiple appeals were filed by minority institutions, teachers, and education authorities from Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and other states.
The key issue:
1. Can the State insist that teachers in minority institutions must qualify TET?
2. Do teachers appointed before the RTE Act, 2009 and before TET was introduced (2010-2011) need to clear TET for promotions.
Supreme Court’s Observations
The Bench, led by Justice Dipankar Datta, considered constitutional provisions including Article 21A (Right to Education), Article 19(1)(g), and Article 30 (Minority Rights), along with previous rulings in:
- Society for Unaided Private Schools of Rajasthan (2012)
- Pramati Educational & Cultural Trust (2014)
Key Takeaways from the Judgment
1. TET as a Minimum Qualification
- The Court upheld that TET is a minimum qualification under Section 23 of the RTE Act.
- Every new teacher appointed after 29 July 2011 must have TET qualification.
2. Teachers Appointed Before 2011
- Teachers appointed before 23 August 2010 / 29 July 2011 can continue in service without TET.
- However, for promotions, they are now required to qualify TET.
3. Impact on Minority Institutions
- Following Pramati Educational Trust (2014), minority institutions (aided & unaided) are generally outside the RTE Act’s scope.
- However, the Court clarified that quality of education cannot be compromised – teachers in minority institutions also must meet basic eligibility norms.
4. Promotion Rules
- Teachers without TET cannot claim automatic promotions.
- Promotions in State and Aided schools (except exempted minority institutions) will be subject to TET qualification.
5. Constitutional Balance
- The Court emphasized that Right to Education (Article 21A) ensures every child must be taught by a qualified teacher.
- Minority rights under Article 30 do not give immunity from maintaining educational standards.
Implications of the Ruling
- Teachers: In-service teachers appointed before 2011 must pass TET for promotions.
- Schools: Cannot appoint/promote unqualified teachers; must follow NCTE norms.
- Minority Institutions: While partially exempt, they still cannot compromise student learning standards.
- Students: Will benefit from uniform quality standards in education.
Why This Judgment is Important
- Clarifies eligibility vs qualification debate in teacher recruitment.
- Balances minority rights with children’s right to quality education.
- Puts an end to conflicting High Court rulings on TET for promotions.
Conclusion
- The Supreme Court’s 2025 judgment makes it clear:
- TET is mandatory for all new teacher appointments.
- Existing teachers without TET can continue but need TET for promotions.
- Minority institutions enjoy certain protections, but not at the cost of quality education.
- This ruling sets the roadmap for future teacher recruitment, training, and promotions across India.
సుప్రీం కోర్టు తీర్పు 2025: ఉపాధ్యాయ పదోన్నతులకు TET తప్పనిసరి
- 2011 జూలై 29 తర్వాత నియమించబడే ఉపాధ్యాయులందరికీ TET అర్హత తప్పనిసరి.
- 2010–2011కి ముందు నియమించబడిన ఉపాధ్యాయులు TET లేకపోయినా ఉద్యోగంలో కొనసాగవచ్చు.
- అయితే పదోన్నతుల కోసం మాత్రం TET తప్పనిసరి.
- Pramati Educational Trust (2014) తీర్పు ప్రకారం, అల్పసంఖ్యాక సంస్థలకు RTE చట్టం వర్తించదు.
- అయినప్పటికీ విద్యా నాణ్యతను తగ్గించే హక్కు వాటికి లేదు – అంటే ఉపాధ్యాయులు కనీస అర్హతలు సాధించాలి.
- TET లేని ఉపాధ్యాయులకు ఆటోమేటిక్ పదోన్నతులు లభించవు.
- రాష్ట్ర మరియు అనుబంధ పాఠశాలల్లో పదోన్నతులు TET అర్హతపై ఆధారపడతాయి.
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